e report sets out 17 hugely ambitious goals for sustainable development, including the following: ending poverty, hunger, ensuring well-being for all at all ages, ensuring inclu- sive and equitable quality education, gender equality and empowerment of all women and girls, promoting inclusive economic growth, decent work, reducing inequality within and among countries and so on.

while young people have been involved in the process of drafting the document, they are simultaneously understood as ‘potential’, in need of skills training so they can find employment – ‘no society can reach its full poten- tial if whole segments of that society, especially young people, are excluded from partici- pating in, contributing to and benefitting from development’ (p. 17)

yes.. and oh my along with previous para..

assuming Ed and employment… and now… no voice u til skills for employment gained…?

it seems timely to remind ourselves what the term ‘adolescent’ means. ‘Adolescence’ derives from Latin and translates as ‘becoming adult’. As British social anthropologist Ronnie Frankenberg famously remarked on numerous occasions, we can only justify calling young people ‘adolescents’ if we describe our adult selves as ‘mortescent’ – we are all ‘unfinished’ and in a state of ‘becoming’ (see Bendelow, 2003). It is a social construction – as G. Stanley Hall discovered it in the United States in the early 20th Century, in his (in)famously titled book Adolescence: Its Psychology and Its Relations to Physiology, Anthropology, Sociology, Sex, Crime, Religion and Education, so now a century later, it is being ‘discovered’ all over the world. It is a period of the lifecycle that becomes problematic as compulsory schooling is extended over a pro- tracted period, which inevitably delays the attainment of adult status (see also Koffman, 2014). To this extent, can the MDGs be said to have created global ‘adolescence’? The definition of ‘adolescent’ clearly also depends on what is meant by adulthood.

As Montgomery (2009) points outs most, if not all, cultures have ways of marking the end of childhood and the onset of adulthood in some manner, often marked by rites of passage. However, it is only in the industrialised world that this stage of the lifecycle has been conceptualised as a state worthy of medical/psychiatric attention, a pathological condition of mythic propor- tions in the adult imaginary. We need to remind ourselves that ‘adolescence’, at the time of its initial construction and moving forward, incorporated gender, race and class con- notations and implications. Especially in relation to gender, the ‘adolescent boy’ needed to be both managed and contained as well as allowed to be ‘wild’, while the adolescent girl was to be trained and domesticated. Adolescence was, and continues to be, deployed in perhaps predictable ways for working class children and children of colour.

whoa. much unpacking here.

It is arguably a social construction, brought about by the difficult question of how to manage the period in people’s lives when they are no longer at school, but needing to enter a new world, that of work. Like other constructions, adolescence takes on particular hues at particular moments in time, and 2015 is a particular critical moment for the concept. However, as Leena Alanen (2015) reminded us in her editorial, and other childhood sociologists and anthropologists have emphasised in the past (Sharon Stephens, 1995), there are limits to social constructionism. Social constructions ‘can be used to facilitate evidence-free assertions’. Biology clearly plays a part in and, to an extent, determines what happens to people throughout their lives, and bodies do unarguably change during the period after puberty. Sociobiologists and some neuro- scientists argue that biology determines that ‘adolescence’ is a particularly difficult period of storm and stress. However, biology and physical development (and indeed storms and stresses) affect us at all stages of the life course, not just in childhood, as Ronnie Frankenberg’s notion of ‘mortescent’ reminds us. It is the intersection of cul- ture and biology that shapes how childhood, youth (or any stage of the life course) are experienced and understood.

oh my.

total relation to school.. even in beginnings then.. ie.. detox from school to real life.

danger outcry..that happening earlier.. but obvious with unnatural tensions from both ends.. ie:school and work

Perhaps one of the most puzzling questions to me is how a concept like ‘adolescence’ links with ideas about ‘empowerment’ (at the current moment, always applied to girls), prevailingly expressed in UN documents. Can the two terms be reconciled? Adolescence is a disempowering term – it says to young people that they are ‘not yet’ adult; they are deficient, becoming, lacking, ‘too young’ and so on. It also enables normative ideas to be loaded onto young people in terms of what they should or should not be doing in terms of behaviour. To talk about ‘empowering adolescents’ sounds like a contradiction in terms.

thinking of Laurie here

Many aspects of children’s lives discussed in the pages of the journal reflect aspects of the Great Derangement – the papers we publish on topics like migration, refugees, asy- lum-seeking children, children who are rendered vulnerable by sets of circumstances outside their control, for whom borders have no relevance. Children have been living through and experiencing this derangement and seem likely to continue to do so. (At the time of writing, June 2015, the catastrophic loss of lives of migrants, including children, in the Mediterranean sea, and the displacement of vast numbers of people in the Middle East and Africa, bear witness to this.

It will take more than measurement to re-arrange the derangement, and in the meantime, we should be cautious about the categories we seek to impose.

indeed. would love to share

so many assumptions in article though… that perpetuate this last sentence..

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from Robert Sapolsky‘s behave:

139

this is the essence of learning. the lecturer says something, and it goes in one ear and out the other. the factoid is repeated; same thing. it’s repeated enough time s and ‘aha- the light bulb goes on and suddenly you get it.. but may not remember it in an hour or on the exam

wtf? essence?

sinclair perpetuation law

six – adolescence; or dude, where’s my frontal cortex

154

if by adolescence..limbic, autonomic and endocrine systems are going full blast while the frontal cortex is still working out the assembly instructions.. we’ve just explained why adolescents are so .. whatever.. it’s the time of life of maximal risk taking, novelty seeking, and affiliation w peers..

however.. much of what we know is clouded by the fact that most kids in that age bracket have been immersed/coerced/trapped/maintained/intoxicated.. in the ie: supposed to’s.. of school/work.. so we really have no idea what a natural young person would be like..

155

maybe ‘adolescence’ is just a cultural construct.. as we;ll see, neurobiology suggests that adolescence is for real.. that the adolescent brain is not merely a half cooked adult brain or a child’s brain left unrefrigerated for too long.. most cultures do recognize it as distinct.. nonetheless.. what the west invented is the longest period of adolescence..

what does seem, a construct of individualistic cultures is adolescence as a period of intergenerational conflict; youth of collectivist cultures seem less prone toward eye rolling at the dorkiness of adults, starting w parents.. moreover, even w/in individualistic cultures adolescence is not universally a time of acne of the psyche, .. most of us get thru it just fine

wow.. only because everyone else is going thru it.. ie: supposed to’s.. of school/work..  that doesn’t mean that any of us are just fine.. (some of evidences are iq tests..?)

seven – back to the crib, back to the womb

174

childhood is obviously about increasing complexity in ver realm of behavior, though and emotion

really? i don’t know.. i don’t think so.. i think the supposed to’s.. of school/work.. homogenize.. reductionize us.. i’d say the not yet scrambled ness of youth is much more complex.. ie: the complexity of an undisturbed ecosystem

187

(after section on stages of development and marshmallow test): 5 yr old champs at marshmallow patience averaged higher sat scores in high school..

oy

(ie of baboon mothers teaching daughters who ranks above who)

ugh

197

so varied types of childhood adversity converge in producing similar adult problems. nonetheless, two types of adversity should be considered separately 1\observing violence  2\ bullying

207

as noted, an infant baboon learns her place in the hierarchy from her mother. a human child’s lessons about status are more complex – there is implicit cuing, subtle language cues,

wow

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from sand talk:

119

on prussians.. spending 1000s of years trying to replicate control they were under w romans.. by 18th prussia one of greatest powers in europe.. due to fact had larger military force than anyone else.. the prussian system was one of total control.. which successfully managed to coerce the population in to complete submission to the will of the govt..

121

the govt decided that if it could force people to remain children for  few extra years, it could retard social, emotional and intellectual development and control them more easily.. this was the point in history when ‘adolescence’ was invented.. a method of slowing the transition from childhood to adulthood.. so that it would take years rather than ..for ie.. the months it takes in indigenous rites of passaged..

this delayed transition, intended to create a permanent state of childlike compliance in adults, was developed from farming techniques used to break horses and to domesticate animals..  domesticating – as mutations of wild species into an infantilized form w a smaller brain and inability to adapt or solve problems..

to domesticate an animal in the say you must: 1\ separate young from parents in daylight hours  2\ confine them in an enclosed space w limited stimulation or access to natural habitat  3\ use rewards and punishment to force them to comply w purposeless tasks..

prussians created a system using same techniques to manufacture adolescence and thus domesticate their people..

domesticate

the system they invented in the early 19th cent to administer this change was public ed:the radical innovation of universal primary schooling, followed by streaming into trade, professional and leadership ed.. arbitrated by a rigorous examination system.. (on top of the usual considerations of money and class).. 90% of prussian students attended the volkschule, where they learned a simple versions of history, religion, manners and obedience and were drilled endlessly in basic lit and numeracy.. discipline was paramount; boredom was weaponized and deployed to lobotomize the population

wow.. worth the book there

literacy and numeracy both elements of colonialism/control/enclosure.. we need to calculate differently and stop measuring things et al

123

prussians began to make plans to spread the institution of schooling as a tool for social control thru out the world.. as it facilitated the kind of uniformity and compliance that was needed to make the model of nationhood world.. the us could testify to the effectiveness of prussian ed as a tool for domination and powers, as american educators had been making pilgrimages to germany for more than half a century..  excitingly, test schools across america proved that the artificially induced phenom of adolescences was achievable outside of prussia..

adolescence et al

motto was work sets you free.. a slogan that the nazis adopted and later placed above the gates of concentration camps..

now as ever, the creation of a workforce to sere the  national econ is the openly stated main goal of public ed.. and , as ever, the inmates of this system are told that their enthusiastic compliance w forced labor will be in their best interests at some future point..

germany’s compulsory ed system express six outcomes in its original syllabus documents: 1\ obedient soldiers 2\ obedient workers 3\ well subordinated civil servants 4\ citizens who though alike  6\ national uniformity in though, word, ,and deed..

124

us involved much earlier.. benjamin franklin advocating the prussian system..

all around world.. new system of ed, nationalism, finance, corporatism and social control were informed by fascist ideas and theories from germany and the us.. encouraging the extermination of indigenous people and minorities..

when smoke cleared, lands and power and blame were redistributed unevenly among the survivors, and a new world emerged with new stories providing a sanitized history of good triumphing over evil..

126

the structural racism installed thru prussian style schooling and the eugenics movement would not be discarded, merely rebranded.. later, following long civil rights struggles and campaigns for social justice, racial inferiority renamed ‘cultural difference’.. racial integration renamed ‘reconciliation’ .. in the colonies assimilation was relaunched as ‘closing the gap’.. the language became more politically correct, but the globalizing goals of cultural uniformity, econ compliance and homogenized id’s remained the same..

in my crackpot version of this history, public schooling plays a principal role in the story of transition from one age to the next..  i hope this marginal perspective is far enough ‘out of the box’ to provoke some questions regarding the sustainability of the global systems that shape our minds and lives..

ie: cure ios city

what form of knowledge transmission (aka ed) need to take during this transition..  us-two may also tentatively wonder whether our minds are not to domesticated and shriveled even to contemplate these questions effectively

talking voice ness here.. and how we need to undo our hierarchical listening

a good way to begin might be to listen to as many divergent version of this history as possible.. form many points of view.. most important.. i have learned from children.. the inmates of the ed system

better yet.. let go of analyzing history.. (because most won’t get to their deeper/legit voice.. we need to get out of ea world/history for that) and ust focus on .. listen to.. 8b daily curiosities

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